In case you had been to return throughout an Olivetti Professionalgramma 101, you probably wouldn’t recognize it as a computer. With its 36 keys and its paper-strip printer, it would strike you as some form of oversized including machine, albeit an unusually handsome one. However then, you’d anticipate that quality from Olivetti, a company finest remembered for its enormously successful sortwriters that now occupy prime house in museums of twentieth-century design. Amongst its much lesser-known products, no less than outaspect its native Italy, are its computers, a line that started with fundamentalframes within the mid-nineteen-fifties and finished with IBM PC clones within the nineties, attaining the peak of its innovation with the Professionalgramma 101 in 1965.
The Professionalgramma 101 is also referred to as the P101 or the Perottina, a reputation derived from that of its inventor, engineer Pier Giorgio Perotto. “I dreamed of a buddyly machine to which you might delegate all these menial duties that are susceptible to errors,” he later stated, “a machine that would quietly be taught and perkind duties, that would retailer simple knowledge and instructions, that might be utilized by anyone, that will be inexpensive and the scale of other workplace products which people used.”
To actualize that imaginative and prescient required not only a technical effort but in addition an aesthetic one, which fell to the younger architect and industrial designer Mario Bellini, who had followed his colleague (and later Memphis Group founder) Ettore Sottsass into consulting work for Olivetti.
All this work came about at a time of crisis for the company. Following the demise of its head Adriano Olivetti in 1960, writes Opinionated Designer, it “obtained into extreme financial difficulties after purchaseing the large US Beneathwooden company, and the electronics division was offered off to General Electric early in 1965.” Olivetti’s son Roberto had already “given the go-ahead in 1962 for the development of a small ‘desk-top’ computer.” So as “to keep away from their undertaking being swallowed up by GE, Perotto’s crew modified among the specifications of the 101 to make it seem like a ‘calculator’ quite than a ‘computer’ which meant the undertaking may stick with Olivetti.” But on a technical level, the Perottina remained very a lot a computer certainly.
In addition to subtraction, multiplication, and division, “it may additionally perkind logical operations, conditional and unconditional jumps, and print the info saved in a register, all by a custom-made alphanumeric professionalgramming language,” writes Ricautomobiledo Bianchini at Inexhibit. In the video above, enthusiast Wladimir Zaniewski demonstrates its capabilities with a simple alphanumeric lunar-lander recreation: a historically apt undertaking, since NASA purchased ten of them to be used in planning the Apollo 11 moon landing. But much more important was the machine’s comparatively down-to-earth obtainment of being, in Bianchini’s phrases, “an unintimidating object eachone may use, even at house. In that sense, there is no such thing as a doubt that the Olivetti Professionalgramma 101 truly is the primary personal computer in history.”
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Based mostly in Seoul, Colin Marshall writes and broadcasts on cities, language, and culture. His initiatives embody the Substack newsletter Books on Cities and the guide The Statemuch less Metropolis: a Stroll by Twenty first-Century Los Angeles. Follow him on Twitter at @colinmarshall or on Faceguide.
